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‘Viennese tolerated Jews’ as future business magnates


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‘Viennese tolerated Jews’ as future business magnates
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Angabe des Autors nach dem Muster: Martin Müller
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Anita Winkler
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Because of the many wars money was in short supply. In the search for new investors the capital of the Jews was discovered.
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Whilst the majority of the Jewish population lived on the fringes of society and were confined to ghettos, a small group of Jewish financiers were already contributing to the state finances. These ‘Court Jews’ enjoyed special rights and privileges, including exemption from certain taxes and tariffs. The Oppenheimer and Wertheimer families were among this privileged group. The ‘tolerated’ Jews made an important contribution to Court finance and were obliged to pay ‘tolerance money’. Now Court Jews were also expected to invest in industrial development. The Judenordnung (statute regulating Jewish status) of 1764 laid down that Jews seeking ‘tolerated’ status would have to invest their wealth in manufactories in order to obtain permission to live in the imperial capital.

Twenty years later, in the Toleranzpatent on Viennese Jews, they were also encouraged to invest their money in the economy. In spite of, or perhaps particularly because of the prohibition on forming a Jewish community and using the Hebrew language, the Jewish people integrated themselves into the social life of Vienna. The rise of important banks and trading houses such as Arnstein and Eskeles took place during Joseph’s reign. Since the state was dependent on Jewish financial capital, these Jews were able to exert influence on the economic and cultural life of Vienna. Economic success was frequently rewarded by ennoblement. But only a few hundred Jews were under the protection of this tolerance; for all others migration to Vienna was to all intents and purposes prohibited.

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p-the-jews-one-does-not-dare-to-curse-to-tease-abuse-and-vilify.-painful-torments-come-to-an-end-and-we-shall-not-have-to-pay-poll-tax-any-more.-in-austria-and-in-vienna-the-imperial-capital-the-sons-of-israel-are-now-allowed-to-trade-in-the-markets.-the
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Bruckmüller, Ernst: Sozialgeschichte Österreichs, München 2001 (2. Aufl.), 164f. Häusler, Wolfgang: Das österreichische Judentum im Zeitalter der josephinischen Toleranz. In: Österreich zur Zeit Kaiser Josephs II. Mitregent Kaiserin Maria Theresias, Kaiser und Landesfürst. Katalog des niederösterr. Landesmuseums (gleichnamiger Titel der niederösterr. Landesausstellung vom 29. März – 2. November 1980, Stift Melk), Wien 1980 (4. Aufl.), 166-169, hier 166f.
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Bild Georg Emanuel Opitz: The Polish Jews and the heavy goods carter in Vienna, coloured aquatint, c. 1810
 
Bild Georg Emanuel Opitz: A company of Jewish traders in Vienna, coloured aquatint, c. 1810
 
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