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If only I could read


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If only I could read
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Angabe des Autors nach dem Muster: Martin Müller
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Julia Teresa Friehs
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In the fourteenth century the new culture of reading and writing spread predominantly among the burgher class. The nobility preferred to amuse themselves at hunting and dancing.
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In the Middle Ages reading and writing were two separate skills that were not necessarily connected with each other and were taught as separate subjects. For a time, reading was intended for a small circle of people; literature was frequently declaimed or recited. A lack of adequate lighting after sundown restricted the practice of reading or reading aloud to others.
Reading served primarily in training boys for the priesthood. The clergy had to be able to read and sing well. Writing skills were not required for the time being. Nonetheless, during the course of the fourteenth century increasing numbers of priests learned to write as well as read. The language of the clergy and the community of scholars was Latin.
Up to the middle of the fifteenth century not all students at the university in Vienna were able to write, despite the fact that teaching was mainly based on copying lectures down verbatim. The growth of the towns with increasing differentiation among their populations together with the expansion of the element of display in courtly life accelerated the spread of this skill. This was accompanied by the huge increase in texts in vernacular languages, for example the medieval German verse epic. It is estimated that between ten and thirty per cent of the urban population could read and write in the late Middle Ages. In particular the clergy, large parts of the nobility, councillors and merchants in the larger towns and cities as well as increasing numbers of artisans and peasants mastered these skills.
Aristocratic culture was initially oral, and some circles were even hostile to written culture. Only noblewomen, or noble youths who were intended for the Church, acquired this skill. It is presumed that King Rudolf of Habsburg (1218–1291) was unable to read or write, but his children received a careful education. Rudolf IV signed a number of documents in his own hand. By the fourteenth century most rulers were able to read and write.

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ein-ungewoehnliches-dokument-fuer-adeliges-lesevermoegen-liefert-hartmann-von-aue.-1190-schrieb-er-im-prolog-zum-201earmen-heinrich201c
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Hartmann von Aue:
der-dichter-wolfram-von-eschenbach-um-1170-bis-um-122020131237-erwaehnte-in-seinem-werk-201eparzival201c-nicht-lesen-zu-koennen
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Der Dichter Wolfram von Eschenbach (um 1170 bis um 1220–1237) erwähnte in seinem Werk „Parzival“, nicht lesen zu können:
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Engelsing, Rolf: Analphabetentum und Lektüre. Zur Sozialgeschichte des Lesens in Deutschland zwischen feudaler und industrieller Gesellschaft, Stuttgart 1973, 1–9; Grünkorn, Gertrud: Die Fiktionalität des höfischen Romans um 1200, Berlin 1994 (Philologische Studien und Quellen 129), 36f., 94f.; Niederstätter, Alois: Das Jahrhundert der Mitte. An der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit, Wien 2004 (Österreichische Geschichte 1400–1522), 375–377; Niederstätter, Alois: Die Herrschaft Österreich. Fürst und Land im Spätmittelalter, Wien 2001 (Österreichische Geschichte 1278–1411), 353–356; Themenheft Schule, Beiträge zur Historischen Sozialkunde 8 (1978), 73–93; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmann_von_Aue (12.2009);
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Zitat Hartmann von Aue:
 
Zitat Der Dichter Wolfram von Eschenbach (um 1170 bis um 1220–1237) erwähnte in seinem Werk „Parzival“, nicht lesen zu können:
 
Bild Herr Hartmann von Aue, imaginary portrait of the author in the *Codex Manesse*, fol. 184v, c. 1300
 
Bild Detail: Historiated initial with a teaching scene, c. 1400
 
Bild Albrecht Dürer (attr.): St Jerome
 
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